![]() Genotoxicity of 2,4-D and dicamba revealed by transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants harboring recombination and point mutation markers. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 7, 240–256.įilkowski, J., Besplug, J., Burke, P., Kovalchuk, I., & Kovalchuk, O. Distribution and elimination of chlorinatedphenoxyacetic acids in animals. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188, 694.Įrne, K. Evaluation of herbicides action on plant bioindicators by genetic biomarkers: a review. Effects of 2,4-D dichlorophenoacetic acid and 2,4,5- trichlorophenoxyacetic acid on mitosis in Allium cepa. ![]() A toxicidade em ambientes aquáticos: discussão e métodos de avaliação. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 85, 264–268.Ĭosta, C. Effects of glyphosate and 2,4-D on earthworms ( Eisenia fetida) in laboratory tests. Quah (Eds.), International encyclopedia of public health (pp. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 297, 434–442.Ĭolosio, C., & Moretto, A. Effect of surface modification of activated carbon on the sorption of 2,4-dichlrophenoxyacetic acid and benazolin from water. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73, 1558–1564.Ĭhingombe, P., Saha, B., & Wakeman, R. Evaluation of 2,4-D and dicamba genotoxicity in bean seedlings using comet and RAPD assays. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 92, 133–137.Ĭenkci, S., Yildiz, M., Cigerci, I. Metabolic and histological parameters of silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen) exposed to commercial formulation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide. Avaliação de risco crônico da ingestão de resíduos de pesticidas na dieta brasileira. Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 42, 768–786.Ĭaldas, E., & Souza, L. Review of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) biomonitoring and epidemiology. The science of 2, 4, 5-T, and associated phenoxy herbicides. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 88, 296–299.īovey, R. Investigation of acute toxicity of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide on crayfish ( Astacus leptodactylus Esch. K., Sarakaya, R., Sepici-Dincel, A., Selvi, M., Sahin, D., & Erkoç, F. Effect of 2,4-D contamination on soil functional stability evaluated using the relative soil stability index (RSSI). Effect of 2,4-D herbicide (2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid) on oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion of juveniles of Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Osteichthyes, Cichlidae). Evidence of apoptotic effects of 2,4-D and butachlor on walking catfish, Clarias batrachus, by transmission electron microscopy and DNA degradation studies. Clastogenicity of pentachlorophenol, 2,4-D and butachlor evaluated by Allium root tip test. Thesis Master of Science Universidade Federal do Maranhão-Brazil.Īteeq, B., Farah, M. Avaliação do potencial de contaminação por herbicidas: determinação do 2,4-D e do seu principal produto de degradação em solos de campos de cultivo de eucaliptos. Thus, it is advised to use this herbicide and other pesticides with caution.Īmarante, J. ![]() ![]() Therefore, ecotoxicology studies are important to assess the risk the herbicides can be to different ecosystems. Although 2,4-D has been widely used worldwide, many studies have shown that this herbicide induces alterations in non-target organisms. This herbicide is a synthetic auxin used to control broad-leaved weeds, and the action in target organisms is well known. In order to examine the information available on herbicide use in Brazil and worldwide, this paper presents a review of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its chemical properties, action on target organisms, environmental fate, and toxicity to non-target organisms. If the management/monitoring of the use of pesticides is adequately performed, it would not compromise the expected benefits or have negative effects on the environment as a whole. ![]() The intensive use of pesticides has increased exponentially in Brazil and worldwide due to the need to meet the food demands of a growing population. ![]()
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